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Net national product (NNP) refers to gross national product (GNP), i.e. the total market value of all final goods and services produced by the factors of production of a country or other polity during a given time period, minus depreciation.〔Krugman, P.R., Obstfeld, M., Melitz, M.J. (2012). ''International Economics: Theory & Policy'' (9th ed.). Harlow (UK): Pearson Education Limited, p. 327.〕 Similarly, net domestic product (NDP) corresponds to gross domestic product (GDP) minus depreciation.〔Burda, M., Wyplosz, C. (2013). ''Macroeconomics: A European Text'' (6th ed.). Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press, p. 39.〕 Depreciation describes the devaluation of fixed capital through wear and tear associated with its use in productive activities. In national accounting, net national product (NNP) and net domestic product (NDP) are given by the two following formulas: : : == Use in economics== Although the net national product is a key identity in national accounting, its use in economics research is generally superseded by the use of the gross domestic or national product as a measure of national income, a preference which has been historically a contentious topic (see e.g. Boulding (1948)〔Boulding, K.E. (1948). Professor Tarshis and the State of Economics. ''The American Economic Review'', 38(1), pp. 92-102.〕 and Burk (1948)〔Burk, M. (1948). Mr. Boulding's Criticism of the Net National Product Concept. ''The American Economic Review'', 38(5), pp. 897-898.〕). Nonetheless, the net national product has been the subject of research on its role as a dynamic welfare indicator〔Brekke, K.A. (1994). Net National Product as a Welfare Indicator. ''The Scandinavian Journal of Economics'', 96(2), pp. 241-252.〕 as well as a means of reconciling forward and backward views on capital wherein NNP(''t'') corresponds to the interest on accumulated capital.〔Hartwick, J.M. (1994). National Wealth and Net National Product. ''The Scandinavian Journal of Economics'', 96(2), pp. 253-256.〕 Furthermore, the net national product has featured prominently as a measure in environmental economics such as within models accounting for the depletion of natural and environmental resources〔Hartwick, J.M. (1990). Natural resources, national accounting and economic depreciation. ''Journal of Public Economics'', 43(3), pp. 291-304.〕 or as an indicator of sustainability.〔Asheim, G.B. (1994). Net National Product as an Indicator of Sustainability. ''The Scandinavian Journal of Economics'', 96(2), pp. 257-265.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Net national product」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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